5 Types of Back Surgery You Should Know

If you need back surgery, you need to understand the types available. Each option targets specific problems, like relieving nerve pressure, stabilizing the spine, or fixing alignment issues. According to Dr. Michael St. Onge, a Spinal Surgeon at Lancaster Orthopedic Group, your spine is a complex structure with many possible sources of pain, like discs, bones, nerves, muscles, or arthritis. Knowing your options will help you make the best decision for your treatment.

Types of Back Surgery

Here are five types of back surgery you should know:

Lumbar Discectomy

A lumbar discectomy is a surgery to remove a damaged or herniated disc in the lower back. This can be done through traditional open surgery or using a minimally invasive technique. The goal is to take out the part of the disc that is pressing on the nerves to relieve pain and discomfort.

Lumbar Decompression Surgery for Spinal Stenosis

Lumbar decompression surgery, also known as a laminectomy, is done to relieve pressure on the spinal cord caused when the spinal canal becomes narrow (spinal stenosis). The surgeon removes part of the bone (lamina) or other tissue that's pressing on the nerves. This helps create more space in the spine, which eases pain, numbness, or weakness caused by that pressure.

Herniated Disc Surgery

In surgery for a herniated disc, the doctor removes the damaged portion of the disc. In some cases, the entire disc may be removed, and the adjacent vertebrae are fused to prevent further pain. Although this procedure may limit movement in that section of the spine, it can provide long-term relief from pain.

Spinal Fusion Surgery

A spinal fusion surgery joins two or more vertebrae to stop painful movement between them. Metal screws and rods are used to hold the bones in place, and they gradually fuse together over time. A bone graft may also be used to encourage fusion. This surgery can stabilize the spine and relieve chronic pain, but it does reduce flexibility in the fused section.

Interlaminar Implant

An interlaminar implant is a less invasive option compared to traditional laminectomy or spinal fusion surgeries. In this procedure, a U-shaped device is placed between two vertebrae in the lower back. Its main job is to keep space between the bones open, which reduces pressure on the spinal nerves. This procedure can often be done during a laminectomy. Unlike fusion, the implant allows you to maintain almost normal movement in your back, although bending backward may be slightly limited in the treated area.

Possible Complications from Back Surgery

While back surgery is usually low-risk, complications can still happen, and you should know what to expect. After decompression surgery, one issue that can arise is recurring disc problems. In some cases, a new part of the disc may herniate or slip after surgery, putting pressure on the nerves again. This happens in about 5% to 18% of patients and can make the pain return. If you’re undergoing spinal fusion surgery, there's a risk of adjacent segment disease. This condition occurs when the spine segments near the fused area experience extra stress, leading to degeneration. Around 2% to 14% of patients face this issue, which may cause new discomfort or stiffness. Even though serious complications are rare, have a detailed discussion with your doctor. Ask whether surgery is likely to improve your symptoms and clarify any concerns about recovery and long-term effects. Knowing the potential risks can help you make the best decision for your health.

How to Prepare for Back Surgery

Preparing for back surgery sets you up for a smooth experience and recovery. Here are some steps you can take:

• Learn about the specific type of surgery you'll have. Ask your doctor to explain the procedure, what to expect, and the recovery process.
• Your doctor will provide guidelines on what to do before surgery, such as fasting or stopping certain medications. Follow these instructions carefully.
• Plan for someone to help you at home after surgery. You'll likely need assistance with daily activities, especially in the first few days.
• Create a comfortable recovery area. Keep essential items within easy reach and remove any trip hazards. Consider setting up a space on the ground floor to avoid stairs.
• Include personal items like toiletries, comfortable clothing, and any necessary medical documents. Don’t forget your phone and charger!
• Discuss your recovery timeline with your doctor. Understand that healing takes time and may involve physical therapy.
• Focus on eating nutritious foods, staying hydrated, and getting enough rest in the days leading up to your surgery. This can help your body heal better.
• Talk to your anesthesiologist about any concerns you have regarding anesthesia, including any previous experiences.
• Don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare team any questions about the surgery or recovery process.
• Take some time to relax and mentally prepare for your surgery. Consider stress-reducing techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or gentle exercise.

Common Frequently Asked Questions About Back Surgery

Here are common questions patients ask about back surgery that you can ask your surgeon.

What Is the Success Rate of Back Surgery?

Success rates vary based on the type of surgery and your condition. For example, surgery to relieve leg pain from a pinched nerve often has better outcomes than surgeries aimed at reducing back pain.

How Long Does It Take to Recover From Back Surgery?

Recovery time depends on the surgery and your overall health. It can range from a few weeks to several months, and rehabilitation may be necessary to regain strength and mobility.

How Much Does Back Surgery Cost?

Costs can vary widely, depending on the complexity of the surgery, hospital fees, and your insurance coverage. On average, back surgery in the U.S. can range from $20,000 to $150,000. Check with your insurance provider for detailed cost estimates.

Will I Need Physical Therapy After Surgery?

Yes, your doctor will likely recommend need physical therapy to help you regain movement and strength, especially after more invasive procedures like spinal fusion.

“Therapy is a big part of the process. As a surgeon, I can correct the structural problem, but your overall function will depend on your participation in your rehabilitation." 

— Dr. St. Onge (Specialties: Spine Conditions)

Can Back Surgery Cure My Pain Permanently?

Back surgery can relieve pain, especially if it's related to nerve compression. However, it may not fully cure back pain, and some patients experience lingering discomfort.

The Lancaster Orthopedic Group Spine Program

Spine issues can be tough, and finding the right treatment is even tougher. At Lancaster Orthopedic Group (LOG), we understand the frustration of dealing with spine pain. That’s why our Spine Program is for you. Did you know that 85% of adults will experience spine pain at some point, yet most never get a quick or clear diagnosis? We’re here to change that. Our program provides fast, personalized care so you don’t have to wait months just to see a specialist.

Why Choose LOG Spine Program?

Dr. St. Onge and his colleagues have created a coordinated approach to spine care. From advanced imaging and physical therapy to the region’s top surgeons, they bring all the key elements together to manage your pain and get you back on your feet. At Lancaster Orthopedic Group, our approach starts with quick and effective non-surgical treatments. You’ll have access to:

• Advanced imaging, including our own MRI services
• Physical therapy and occupational medicine
• Pain management specialists

If surgery is necessary, our team of outstanding spine surgeons will use the latest techniques to reduce recovery time. Plus, with our state-of-the-art LOG Surgery Center, you’ll be the best hands for surgery and post-op care. Don’t wait to get the care you need. Reach out to Lancaster Orthopedic Group and book an appointment today!